How to Reset a Failed Over-the-Air (OTA)

How to Reset a Failed Over-the-Air (OTA) Update in Your Vehicle

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How to Reset a Failed Over-the-Air (OTA) Update in Your Vehicle

If you own a modern vehicle, chances are it has the capability to receive over-the-air (OTA) software updates from the manufacturer. OTA updates allow automakers to remotely enhance vehicle features, fix bugs, and ensure the car is running optimally without requiring a trip to the dealership.

However, in rare cases, an OTA update may fail during installation and leave the vehicle in an “inhibited” state where it cannot be driven. This can be an alarming situation for vehicle owners. But don’t panic – there are steps you can take to reset the failed update and get your car back on the road.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk through the process of resetting an inhibited vehicle after a failed OTA update. We’ll cover both the manual procedure that you can do yourself as well as how to use an OBD scanner for diagnosis and reset. By the end, you’ll have the knowledge and confidence to handle this situation if it ever happens to you.

Understanding OTA Updates

What is an OTA update?

An over-the-air (OTA) update refers to the wireless delivery of new software or firmware to devices, including vehicles, via an internet connection. OTA updates allow manufacturers to remotely improve functionality, fix bugs, and update security without requiring a physical connection to the vehicle.

In vehicles, OTA updates can either be software-over-the-air (SOTA), which updates the vehicle’s software, or firmware-over-the-air (FOTA), which updates the firmware that acts as an interface between the software and hardware. However, both are commonly referred to under the umbrella term “OTA updates.”

How do OTA updates work?

The OTA update process typically follows these steps:

  • The automaker creates a new software update and uploads it to the cloud.
  • The update is queued for delivery and the vehicle is notified that an update is available.
  • The vehicle downloads the update files over a cellular or WiFi connection. Download size can range from a few megabytes for a small update to several gigabytes for a major software version.
  • Once the files are downloaded, the vehicle verifies the integrity and authenticity of the update package.
  • After verification, the vehicle displays a prompt to the owner to install the update. Installation is usually scheduled for a convenient time, such as overnight.
  • During installation, the vehicle may need to be parked with the ignition off. The process can take anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours depending on the size of the update.
  • Once complete, the vehicle restarts with the new software version installed and ready to use.

Most OTA updates are delivered seamlessly in the background without requiring action from the owner. However, some critical updates, such as changes to powertrain or safety systems, may display more prominent notifications requesting the owner schedule the installation.

Benefits of OTA updates

OTA update capability provides significant benefits for both automakers and vehicle owners:

  • Continuous improvement: Automakers can continuously improve the functionality and features of vehicles even after they are sold. Bugs can be quickly patched and performance can be optimized based on real-world driving data.
  • Enhanced security: Vehicles can be kept secure against newly discovered vulnerabilities or hacking attempts via prompt security updates.
  • New features: Owners gain access to new features and capabilities without needing to purchase a new vehicle or visit a dealership. The vehicle’s useful lifespan is extended.
  • Cost savings: Automakers save time and money by performing updates remotely rather than through physical service visits. Warranty and recall costs can be reduced.
  • Improved user experience: The overall user experience is enhanced through performance improvements and greater personalization options delivered via OTA.

As vehicles become increasingly defined by their software, OTA updates will be crucial to keeping them up-to-date, secure, and running optimally over their lifetime. The ability to deliver continuous improvements via OTA will be a key differentiator for automakers.

When OTA Updates Fail

Although OTA updates are designed to install seamlessly in the background, there are rare occasions where the process doesn’t go as planned. A few potential failure points include:

  • Connectivity issues: A weak or dropped cellular/WiFi connection can interrupt the download of update files.
  • Power loss: If the vehicle’s 12V battery is weak or loses power during installation, the update process will be aborted.
  • Lack of storage space: Some vehicles have limited storage capacity for staging update files. If there isn’t enough free space, the download will fail.
  • Incompatible updates: In rare cases, the automaker may push an update that is incompatible with the vehicle’s current software or firmware version, resulting in an installation failure.

When an OTA update fails, the vehicle may enter an “inhibited” state as a failsafe to prevent damage. An inhibited vehicle cannot be driven, although features like radio and climate control may still function. The vehicle will usually display an alert on the infotainment screen notifying the owner of the failed update and the need for service.

If your vehicle becomes inhibited after a failed OTA update, don’t panic. Follow the steps below to resolve the issue and get back on the road.

Resetting an Inhibited Vehicle After a Failed Update

There are two main ways to reset an inhibited vehicle after a failed OTA update:

  1. Performing a manual reset procedure
  2. Using an OBD scanner to diagnose and clear the inhibit

We’ll walk through both methods so you can choose the one you’re most comfortable with. It’s important to note that these are general procedures – always consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual or contact the manufacturer for specific instructions for your make and model.

Option 1: Manual Reset Procedure

If you want to attempt resetting the inhibit yourself without any special tools, follow these steps:

Step 1: Verify 12V Battery Health

The 12V battery needs to be in good condition with a strong charge in order to properly reset the vehicle. If your battery is more than 3-4 years old or has had issues holding a charge, it’s a good idea to replace it before proceeding.

You can test the battery’s voltage with a multimeter. A healthy 12V battery should read around 12.6 volts when the vehicle is off. If it’s reading below 12.4 volts, charge the battery with an external charger or drive the vehicle for at least 30 minutes to replenish the charge.

Step 2: Perform a Battery Management System (BMS) Reset

A BMS reset clears stored battery data and can help resolve software glitches. Here’s how to do it:

  1. Put the vehicle in Park and turn off the ignition. All doors should be closed.
  2. Disconnect the 12V battery by removing the negative terminal first, followed by the positive terminal.
  3. Press and hold the brake pedal for 30 seconds to drain any residual power.
  4. Reconnect the battery, positive terminal first followed by negative. Tighten the terminals securely.
  5. Without pressing the brake, press the Engine Start button and hold it for at least 30 seconds. You should hear a click from the BMS resetting.
  6. Turn off the ignition and wait at least 2 minutes before proceeding.

Step 3: Initiate the Update Reset

Now that the battery is reset, you can clear the failed update and initiate a new installation attempt:

  1. Press the Engine Start button twice without pressing the brake to enter Accessory Mode.
  2. On the infotainment screen, navigate to the Settings menu and locate the Software Update option.
  3. Select “Reset Failed Update” or a similar option to clear the inhibit state. The vehicle may display a warning that the update will be erased – confirm the action.
  4. Once the reset is complete, perform a normal start by pressing the brake and Engine Start button. The vehicle should start up and be drivable again.
  5. The failed update should be re-downloaded automatically over the next 24 hours and prompt you to install it. Make sure the vehicle has a strong WiFi or cellular connection during this time.

If the vehicle starts up normally after the reset procedure, you’re all set! However, if it remains inhibited or experiences other issues, you may need to use an OBD scanner for further diagnosis or visit a dealership for service.

Option 2: Using an OBD Scanner

An OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) scanner is a tool that plugs into your vehicle’s OBD-II port and reads diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). While not a necessity for most drivers, an OBD scanner can be very helpful for diagnosing issues and clearing fault codes related to failed updates.

If you decide to use an OBD scanner to reset your vehicle after a failed update, follow these steps:

Step 1: Select an OBD Scanner

There are many OBD scanners on the market with varying features and price points. For resetting an inhibited vehicle, a basic code reader with the ability to clear codes is sufficient. However, if you plan to use the scanner for more advanced diagnostics, it’s worth investing in a higher-end model with features like live data monitoring and manufacturer-specific code definitions.

Some popular options that provide good value and functionality include:

  • BlueDriver Bluetooth Pro: This dongle-style scanner connects to your smartphone via Bluetooth and provides access to a comprehensive database of code definitions. It can read and clear codes, view live data, and even provide maintenance reminders.
  • FIXD OBD-II Active Car Health Monitor: Another smartphone-compatible option, FIXD translates codes into simple terms and provides an estimated severity of the issue. It can also track data like fuel economy and mileage.
  • Ancel AD310: This handheld scanner is a solid budget option. It can read and clear codes, display live data, and perform basic tests like checking the battery and alternator.

Ultimately, the best OBD scanner for you depends on your specific needs and budget. Check out online reviews and comparisons to find the right fit.

Step 2: Locate the OBD-II Port

The OBD-II port is typically located under the dashboard on the driver’s side, near the steering column. It may be hidden behind a removable panel. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual if you have trouble finding it.

Step 3: Connect the OBD Scanner

With the ignition off, plug the OBD scanner into the OBD-II port. Make sure the connection is secure – a loose connection can cause communication errors.

Step 4: Turn On the Ignition

Put the vehicle in Accessory Mode by pressing the Engine Start button without pressing the brake. This powers on the OBD scanner without starting the engine.

Step 5: Scan for Codes

Follow the prompts on the OBD scanner to scan the vehicle for diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). The scanner will report back any active or pending codes.

In the case of a failed OTA update, you may see codes related to a software mismatch or incomplete installation. Common codes include:

  • U0601: Invalid Data Received
  • U3000: Control Module Software Incompatible
  • U3003: Battery Voltage Too Low During Programming

Write down any codes that appear so you can research their specific definitions later.

Step 6: Clear the Codes

After recording the codes, select the “Clear Codes” or “Erase Codes” option on the OBD scanner. This will delete the codes from the vehicle’s memory and should release the inhibit state.

Step 7: Verify the Reset

Disconnect the OBD scanner and start the vehicle normally. If the codes were cleared successfully, the check engine light should be off and the vehicle should be drivable.

Step 8: Re-initiate the Update

As in the manual reset procedure, the failed update should automatically re-download and prompt for installation within 24 hours. Make sure the vehicle has a strong internet connection during this time.

If the codes reappear or the vehicle remains inhibited after clearing codes with the OBD scanner, there may be a more serious underlying issue. At this point, it’s best to have the vehicle towed to a dealership for diagnosis and repair.

Preventing OTA Update Failures

While it’s impossible to completely eliminate the risk of a failed OTA update, there are steps you can take to minimize the chances of it happening:

  • Maintain a strong internet connection: Park the vehicle in an area with good cellular reception or connect to a stable WiFi network when an update is available. Avoid starting an update if the connection is weak or spotty.
  • Keep the 12V battery healthy: Since the battery powers the vehicle’s computer systems, it needs to be in good condition to process updates. If your battery is more than 3-4 years old or struggles to hold a charge, consider replacing it.
  • Plan for long updates: Some major updates can take several hours to install. Make sure the vehicle is parked in a secure location with plenty of ventilation if you need to leave it overnight or for an extended period.
  • Avoid interrupting updates: Once an update has started installing, do not disturb the vehicle. Don’t attempt to start the engine, disconnect the battery, or use any high-power accessories that could introduce electrical noise.
  • Address recalls promptly: If you receive a recall notice related to a software issue, schedule the update as soon as possible. Recall-related updates are more likely to be complex and extensive, so it’s important to install them before any problems arise.

By following these best practices, you can help ensure that OTA updates install smoothly and your vehicle stays in top condition.

The Future of OTA Updates

As vehicles become increasingly connected and software-defined, OTA updates will play a larger role in the automotive experience. Automakers are already using OTA to deliver everything from infotainment upgrades to powertrain calibrations and autonomous driving features. In the future, we can expect to see even more innovation in this space.

Some potential developments include:

  • Predictive maintenance: By analyzing real-time vehicle data, automakers could push targeted updates that address issues before they cause a breakdown. For example, if a certain batch of vehicles is experiencing higher-than-normal brake wear, an OTA update could adjust the brake pressure to extend pad life.
  • Personalization: As vehicles collect more data on individual drivers’ habits and preferences, OTA updates could be used to customize features like seat and mirror positions, audio settings, and even suspension tuning.
  • Feature unlocks: Similar to how Tesla offers paid OTA upgrades for features like extended range and enhanced Autopilot, other automakers could use OTA to sell access to premium features on-demand. For example, a driver could pay to unlock heated seats or a sport driving mode for a weekend road trip.
  • Continuous improvement: Rather than waiting for a new model year to introduce improvements, automakers could use OTA updates to continuously refine vehicle performance and efficiency. Real-world data could be used to optimize everything from battery management to aerodynamics.

Of course, the increased reliance on OTA updates also comes with risks. Cybersecurity will be a major concern as vehicles become more connected. Automakers will need to invest heavily in secure update delivery systems and quick responses to any vulnerabilities that are discovered.

There are also regulatory challenges to navigate. Currently, there are no federal standards for OTA updates in vehicles. As the technology becomes more widespread, we can expect to see more guidance from bodies like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) on issues like update testing, consumer notifications, and privacy.

Despite these challenges, the benefits of OTA updates for both automakers and consumers are clear. As the technology continues to evolve, it will play an increasingly important role in keeping vehicles safe, efficient, and enjoyable to drive.

In summary

Failed OTA updates can be a frustrating experience for vehicle owners, but they don’t have to be a major headache. By following the manual reset procedure or using an OBD scanner to clear codes, most inhibited vehicles can be returned to normal operation relatively quickly.

Of course, prevention is always the best medicine. By maintaining a healthy 12V battery, keeping the vehicle connected to a stable internet connection during updates, and promptly addressing any recalls, you can minimize the chances of an update failure.

As OTA updates become more common and complex, it’s important for drivers to familiarize themselves with the technology and know how to troubleshoot basic issues. Automakers also have a responsibility to design robust update systems and provide clear guidance to customers when problems arise.

Ultimately, OTA updates are a powerful tool for improving vehicle performance, safety, and longevity. By working together, automakers and drivers can unlock the full potential of this technology and pave the way for a more connected, personalized, and efficient driving experience.

We created this blog by researching and compiling data from the following source: